The Western Tradition S01E41 · The Industrial Revolution

Overview

Technology and mass production reduced famine and ushered in higher standards of living.

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Episodes

1. 1 1. The Dawn of History1989-01-01 · 30mThe origins of the human race are traced from anthropoid ancestors to the agricultural revolution.
2. 2 2. The Ancient Egyptians1989-01-01 · 30mEgyptian irrigation created one of the first great civilizations.
3. 3 3. Mesopotamia1989-01-01 · 30mSettlements in the Fertile Crescent gave rise to the great river civilizations of the Middle East.
4. 4 4. From Bronze to Iron1989-01-01 · 30mMetals revolutionized tools, as well as societies, in the empires of Assyria, Persia, and Neo-Babylonia.
5. 5 5. The Rise of Greek Civilization1989-01-01 · 30mDemocracy and philosophy arose from Greek cities at the edge of the civilized world.
6. 6 6. Greek Thought1989-01-01 · 30mSocrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundation of Western intellectual thought.
7. 7 7. Alexander the Great1989-01-01 · 30mAlexander's conquests quadrupled the size of the world known to the Greeks.
8. 8 8. The Hellenistic Age1989-01-01 · 30mHellenistic kingdoms extended Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean.
9. 9 9. The Rise of Rome1989-01-01 · 30mThrough its army, Rome built an empire that shaped the West.
10. 10 10. The Roman Empire1989-01-01 · 30mRome's civil engineering contributed as much to the empire as did its weapons.
11. 11 11. Early Christianity1989-01-01 · 30mChristianity spread despite contempt and persecution from Rome.
12. 12 12. The Rise of the Church1989-01-01 · 30mThe old heresy became the Roman empire's official religion under the Emperor Constantine.
13. 13 13. The Decline of Rome1989-01-01 · 30mWhile enemies slashed at Rome's borders, civil war and economic collapse destroyed the empire from within.
14. 14 14. The Fall of Rome1989-01-01 · 30mDespite the success of emperors such as Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius, Rome fell victim to barbarian invasions.
15. 15 15. The Byzantine Empire1989-01-01 · 30mFrom Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire carried on the traditions of Greece and Rome.
16. 16 16. The Fall of Byzantium1989-01-01 · 30mNearly a thousand years after Rome's fall, Constantinople was conquered by the forces of Islam.
17. 17 17. The Dark Ages1989-01-01 · 30mBarbarian kingdoms took possession of the fragments of the Roman Empire.
18. 18 18. The Age of Charlemagne1989-01-01 · 30mCharlemagne revived hopes for a new empire in Western Europe.
19. 19 19. The Middle Ages1989-01-01 · 30mAmid invasion and civil disorder, a military aristocracy dominated the kingdoms of Europe.
20. 20 20. The Feudal Order1989-01-01 · 30mBishop, knight, and peasant exemplified some of the social divisions of the year 1000 A.D.
21. 21 21. Common Life in the Middle Ages1989-01-01 · 30mFamine, disease, and short life expectancies were the conditions that shaped medieval beliefs.
22. 22 22. Cities and Cathedrals of the Middle Ages1989-01-01 · 30mThe great churches embodied the material and spiritual ambitions of the age.
23. 23 23. The Late Middle Ages1989-01-01 · 30mTwo hundred years of war and plague debilitated Europe.
24. 24 24. The National Monarchies1989-01-01 · 30mA new urban middle class emerged, while dynastic marriages established centralized monarchies.
25. 25 25. Renaissance & the Age of Discovery1989-01-01 · 30mRenaissance humanists made man "the measure of all things." Europe was possessed by a new passion for knowledge.
26. 26 26. Renaissance & the New World1989-01-01 · 30mThe discovery of America challenged Europe.
27. 27 27. The Reformation1989-01-01 · 30mVoiced by Martin Luther, Protestantism shattered the unity of the Catholic Church.
28. 28 28. The Rise of the Middle Class1989-01-01 · 30mAs the cities grew, new middle-class mores had an impact on religious life.
29. 29 29. The Wars of Religion1989-01-01 · 30mFor more than a century, the quarrels of Protestants and Catholics tore Europe apart.
30. 30 30. The Rise of the Trading Cities1989-01-01 · 30mAmid religious wars, a few cities learned that tolerance increased their prosperity.
31. 31 31. The Age of Absolutism1989-01-01 · 30mExhausted by war and civil strife, many Europeans exchanged earlier liberties and anarchies for greater peace.
32. 32 32. Absolutism and the Social Contract1989-01-01 · 30mArguments about the legitimate source of political power centered on divine right versus natural law.
33. 33 33. The Enlightened Despots1989-01-01 · 30mMonarchs considered reforms in order to create more efficient societies, but not at the expense of their own power.
34. 34 34. The Enlightenment1989-01-01 · 30mIntellectual theories about the nature of man and his potential came to the fore.
35. 35 35. The Enlightenment and Society1989-01-01 · 30mScientists and social reformers battled for universal human rights during a peaceful and prosperous period.
36. 36 36. The Modern Philosophers1989-01-01 · 30mFreedom of thought and expression opened new vistas explored by French, English, and American thinkers.
37. 37 37. The American Revolution1989-01-01 · 30mThe British colonists created a society that tested Enlightenment ideas and resisted restrictions imposed by England.
38. 38 38. The American Republic1989-01-01 · 30mA new republic, the compromise of radicals and conservatives, was founded on universal freedoms.
39. 39 39. The Death of the Old Regime1989-01-01 · 30mIn France the old order collapsed under revolutionaries' attacks and the monarchy's own weakness.
40. 40 40. The French Revolution1989-01-01 · 30mLiberty, equality, and fraternity skidded into a reign of Terror.
41. 41 41. The Industrial Revolution1989-01-01 · 30mTechnology and mass production reduced famine and ushered in higher standards of living.
42. 42 42. The Industrial World1989-01-01 · 30mA consumer revolution was fueled by coal, public transportation, and new city services.
43. 43 43. Revolution and Romantics1989-01-01 · 30mLeaders in the arts, literature, and political theory argued for social justice and national liberation.
44. 44 44. The Age of the Nation-States1989-01-01 · 30mThe great powers cooperated to quell internal revolts, yet competed to acquire colonies.
45. 45 45. A New Public1989-01-01 · 30mPublic education and mass communications created a new political life and leisure time.
46. 46 46. Fin de Siècle1989-01-01 · 30mEveryday life of the working class was transformed by leisure, prompting the birth of an elite avant-garde movement.
47. 47 47. The First World War and the Rise of Fascism1989-01-01 · 30mOld empires crumbled during World War I to be replaced by right-wing dictatorships in Italy, Spain, and Germany.
48. 48 48. The Second World War1989-01-01 · 30mWorld War II was a war of new tactics and strategies. Civilian populations became targets as the Nazi holocaust exterminated millions of people.
49. 49 49. The Cold War1989-01-01 · 30mThe U.S. and Soviet Union dominated Europe and confronted each other in Korea.
50. 50 50. Europe and the Third World1989-01-01 · 30mBurdened with the legacy of colonial imperialism, the Third World rushed development to catch up with its Western counterparts.
51. 51 51. The Technological Revolution1989-01-01 · 30mKeeping up with the ever-increasing pace of change became the standard of the day.
52. 52 52. Toward the Future1989-01-01 · 30mModern medicine, atomic energy, computers, and new concepts of time, energy, and matter all have an important effect on life in the 20th century.